Conservation of endemic ferns in Western Ghats

Abstract

The Western Ghats, extending along the western coast of India, are recognized as one of the world's eight ‘hottest hotspots’ of biological diversity. Spanning over 1,600 km and encompassing six states, this mountain range hosts a myriad of ecosystems ranging from tropical rainforests to montane grasslands. Among its rich flora, ferns represent a significant and diverse group, thriving in the moist, shady environments fostered by the dense forests and high rainfall characteristic of the region. Ferns in the Western Ghats are adapted to various ecological niches, from the humid understory of tropical rainforests to the cooler, mist-laden cloud forests at higher altitudes. These plants are particularly abundant in areas with consistent moisture, such as along streams, waterfalls, and in shaded ravines. The unique climatic and geological conditions of the Western Ghats create ideal habitats for fern growth. The ferns of the Western Ghats are an essential component of this biodiversity hotspot. Their conservation is vital not only for maintaining ecological balance but also for preserving the rich biological heritage of the region. Continued efforts in research, habitat protection, and community involvement are crucial to ensuring the survival of these unique and diverse plants.