Invasive plants: Unveiling the invasion process, ecological effects and management approaches

Abstract

The ecological disruptions caused by the invasive species are increasingly recognized as a significant threat to global sustainability. Invasive Alien Plant Species (IAPS) are particularly concerning due to their role in biodiversity decline and consequent changes to ecosystem functions and socio-economic conditions through various means. While the ecological impacts of IAPS are well-documented, there is a lack of research on their economic assessment, effects on livelihoods, potential biotechnological applications such as phytoremediation, bio-energy, synthesis of nano particles, biomedical and industrial uses, and human health risks associated with them. The management strategies can be strengthened by integrating geo-spatial technologies like remote sensing and GIS to map and monitor the spread of IAPS. Additionally, the scope of IAPS management should include ecological indicators, bio-security measures, and risk assessment protocols with thorough discussion. Both positive and negative impacts of IAPS on the environment, health, ecosystem services, and socio-economy are outlined to inform the development of effective policy frameworks aimed at mitigating the human health implications associated with IAPS management.